Office Tax Procedures

Questions: 1. What is an incidental advantage and give a model? 2. What standards should be fulfilled for something to be regarded an incidental advantage? 3. Clarify what general conclusions for charge reasons for existing are and give in any event 5 models? Answers: (1). Incidental advantage is a benefit or prize or bit of leeway gave by a business to his representatives or workers against which the business needs to pay charges at the rates indicated by Income Tax Authorities, Some of these advantages are absolved (Ball, 2015). Incidental advantages for the most part gave to representatives to giving them non-money stipends to give them great and invaluable to both the supplier and collector under work culture with the goal that they work all the more proficiently and viably. Instances of such incidental advantages are House Rent Allowance, Rewards on accomplishing past the focused on objectives, Provident Funds, Mediclaims, Education Claims, Traveling Allowances, Stock Options are a few recompenses gave by bosses. (2). Standards that is required to be fulfilled for anything to be an esteemed incidental advantage is there ought to be outpouring of qualities material to the supplier either as money or kind to the recipient. The collector need to utilize the advantages in a single schedule year in any case those advantages gave gets slipped by ((Ball, 2015). (3). All the surveys are required to pay charge on their pay according to the arrangements laid under Income Tax Act in the time of appraisal. Available pay is determined by consideration of the considerable number of salaries and additions deducted by costs and misfortunes and certain absolved livelihoods. These costs and misfortunes admissible for reasonings are called general conclusions (Gangl, Hofmann and Kirchler, 2015). These general derivations meet all requirements for deductible just on the off chance that they fulfill certain conditions as gave in the Act which are as per the following: General conclusions are took into consideration evaluates conveying business on exchange and have been brought about in the age of its salary. Conclusions can be guaranteed distinctly for the costs or misfortunes really brought about by the citizen either as money or in the worth substantially ascertainable. No conclusions are took into account misfortunes or costs in Capital or of Contingent nature, it must be of Revenue nature. Costs or misfortunes are admissible as findings just on the off chance that they are acquired in the time of appraisal for example any development or exceptional installments doesn't meet all requirements for general reasonings. Instances of general derivations: Cost of creations Voyaging costs Review costs Bookkeeping costs Installments of lease Devaluation charges Misfortune on special of advantages. Reference List: Ball, T., 2015. Universal Tax Compliance Agreements and Swiss Bank Privacy Law: A Model Protecting a Principled History.Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev.,48, p.233. Dinis, A., Lopes, C. what's more, Silva, A., 2015.Tax avoidance and assessment extortion in the liquidation procedure: exact proof from Portugal. OBEGEF-Observatrio de Economia e Gesto de Fraude. Gangl, K., Hofmann, E. what's more, Kirchler, E., 2015. Assessment specialists' association with citizens: An origination of consistence in social difficulties by force and trust.New thoughts in psychology,37, pp.13-23. Gangl, K., Kirchler, E., Lorenz, C. what's more, Torgler, B., 2015. Rich Tax Non-Filers in a Developing Nation: The Roles of Taxpayer Knowledge, Perceived Corruption and Service Orientation in Pakistan.WU International Taxation Research Paper Series, (2015-26).

Infectious Mononucleosis :: essays research papers

CauseInfectious mononucleosis is brought about by the Ebstein-Barr infection, which is an individual from the herpes family. This family likewise incorporates the infections that cause mouth blisters, chicken pox, genital herpes, and birth absconds. The Ebstein-Barr infection has a long brooding period and manifestations for the most part take around 4-10 weeks to develop.Once an individual is tainted with a herpes infection, it never truly leaves. The infections can lie torpid in our bodies and become dynamic whenever. The main way mono can be spread is through direct contact with contaminated spit. That clarifies why it is known as the "kissing disease". Drinking from every others glasses, sharing flatware, and hacking can likewise spread the infection. In uncommon cases it very well may be transmitted from individual to individual through blood transfusions.A individual must be contaminated when somebody who has the infection passes it to somebody who has never been uncovered. Be that as it may, under 5% of individuals w/mono can review being in contact w/somebody who had mono. That is b/c a few people are carefully transporters. They convey the infection and pass it along to another person while never getting any indications themselves.Population AffectedAnyone can get mono. Around 70-80% of all cases happen in individuals btw/the ages of 15-30. Mono is generally normal among secondary school and understudies who safe frameworks are typically run down from pressure and exhaustion. Albeit mono pinnacles prior in females, it happens all the more frequently in guys. Females are typically 15-16 when they contract mono and guys will in general associate with 18-23. It is evaluated that by the age of 40, 95% of the populace has just had mono. That may be difficult to accept, yet the vast majority who had mono didn't have any acquaintance with it. They had such gentle cases that they thought it was only a cold or influenza and their bodies had the option to deliver antibodies against consistently having mono again.SymptomsIf side effects do show up, they don't grow right away. The brooding time frame keeps going somewhere in the range of 2 to 7 weeks. The first manifestations are generally confused with a virus. They are migraine, weakness, loss of hunger, and chills. The indications become progressively serious as the body's lymphatic framework is influenced. These incorporate extraordinary fatigue, sore throat, fever and swollen organs.

Classical Conditioning How It Works With Examples

Classical Conditioning How It Works With Examples Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Classical Conditioning Overview A Step-by-Step Guide to How Classical Conditioning Really Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 05, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Classical Conditioning Basics How Does Classical Conditioning Work? Key Principles of Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning Examples View All Back To Top Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism. Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.??? Illustration by Joshua Seong, Verywell Classical Conditioning Basics Although classical conditioning was not discovered by a psychologist at all, it had a tremendous influence over the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.??? Behaviorism is based on the assumption that:All  learning occurs through interactions with the environmentThe environment shapes behavior Its important to note that classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. In Pavlovs classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal was the sound of a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to food. By associating the neutral stimulus with the environmental stimulus (presenting of food), the sound of the tone alone could produce the salivation response.??? In order to understand how more about how classical conditioning works, it is important to be familiar with the basic principles of the process. How Does Classical Conditioning Work? Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.??? There are three basic phases of this process: Phase 1: Before Conditioning The first part of the classical conditioning process requires a naturally occurring stimulus that will automatically elicit a response. Salivating in response to the smell of food is a good example of a naturally occurring stimulus. During this phase of the processes, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) results in an unconditioned response (UCR).??? For example, presenting food (the UCS) naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response (the UCR). At this point, there is also a neutral stimulus that produces no effect - yet. It isnt until this neutral stimulus is paired with the UCS that it will come to evoke a response. Lets take a closer look at the two critical components of this phase of classical conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.??? For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.??? In our example, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response. Phase 2: During Conditioning During the second phase of the classical conditioning process, the previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus. As a result of this pairing, an association between the previously neutral stimulus and the UCS is formed. At this point, the once neutral stimulus becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS). The subject has now been conditioned to respond to this stimulus. The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.??? In our earlier example, suppose that when you smelled your favorite food, you also heard the sound of a whistle. While the whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food, if the sound of the whistle was paired multiple times with the smell, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response. In this case, the sound of the whistle is the conditioned stimulus. Phase 3: After Conditioning Once the association has been made between the UCS and the CS, presenting the conditioned stimulus alone will come to evoke a response even without the unconditioned stimulus. The resulting response is known as the conditioned response (CR).??? The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. In our example, the conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle. Key Principles of Classical Conditioning Behaviorists have described a number of different phenomena associated with  classical conditioning. Some of these elements involve the initial establishment of the response while others describe the disappearance of a response. These elements are important in understanding the classical conditioning process. Lets take a closer look at five key principles of classical conditioning: 1. Acquisition Acquisition  is the initial stage of learning when a response is first established and gradually strengthened.??? During the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an  unconditioned stimulus. As you may recall, an unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning. After an association is made, the subject will begin to emit a behavior in response to the previously neutral stimulus, which is now known as a  conditioned stimulus. It is at this point that we can say that the response has been acquired. For example, imagine that you are conditioning a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a bell. You repeatedly pair the presentation of food with the sound of the bell. You can say the response has been acquired as soon as the dog begins to salivate in response to the bell tone. Once the response has been established, you can gradually reinforce the salivation response to make sure the behavior is well learned. Acquisition in Classical Conditioning 2. Extinction Extinction  is when the occurrences of a conditioned response decreases or disappears. In classical conditioning, this happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.??? For example, if the smell of food (the unconditioned stimulus) had been paired with the sound of a whistle (the conditioned stimulus), it would eventually come to evoke the conditioned response of hunger. However, if the unconditioned stimulus (the smell of food) were no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus (the whistle), eventually the conditioned response (hunger) would disappear. Extinction in Classical Conditioning 3. Spontaneous Recovery Sometimes a learned response can suddenly reemerge even after a period of extinction.  Spontaneous recovery  is the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response.??? For example, imagine that after training a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell, you stop reinforcing the behavior and the response eventually becomes extinct. After a rest period during which the conditioned stimulus is not presented, you suddenly ring the bell and the animal spontaneously recovers the previously learned response. If the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are no longer associated, extinction will occur very rapidly after a spontaneous recovery. Why Spontaneous Recovery Is Important in Psychology 4. Stimulus Generalization Stimulus generalization  is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.??? For example, if a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, the animal may also exhibit the same response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. In John B. Watsons famous  Little Albert Experiment, for example, a small child was conditioned to fear a white rat. The child demonstrated stimulus generalization by also exhibiting fear in response to other fuzzy white objects including stuffed toys and Watson own hair. How Stimulus Generalization Influences Learning 5. Stimulus Discrimination Discrimination  is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.??? For example, if a bell tone were the conditioned stimulus, discrimination would involve being able to tell the difference between the bell tone and other similar sounds. Because the subject is able to distinguish between these stimuli, he or she will only respond when the conditioned stimulus is presented. Understanding Stimulus Discrimination Classical Conditioning Examples It can be helpful to look at a few examples of how the classical conditioning process operates both in experimental and real-world  settings. Classical Conditioning of a Fear Response One of the most famous examples of classical conditioning was John B. Watsons experiment in which a fear response was conditioned in a boy known as Little Albert.??? The child initially showed no fear of a white rat, but after the rat was paired repeatedly with loud, scary sounds, the child would cry when the rat was present. The childs fear also generalized to other fuzzy white objects. Lets examine the elements of this classic experiment. Prior to the conditioning, the white rat was a neutral stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus was the loud, clanging sounds and the unconditioned response was the fear response created by the noise. By repeatedly pairing the rat with the unconditioned stimulus, the white rat (now the conditioned stimulus) came to evoke the fear response (now the conditioned response). This experiment illustrates how phobias can form through classical conditioning. In many cases, a single pairing of a neutral stimulus (a dog, for example) and a frightening experience (being bitten by the dog) can lead to a lasting phobia (being afraid of dogs). Classical Conditioning of Taste Aversions Another example of classical conditioning can be seen in the development of conditioned taste aversions. Researchers John Garcia and Bob Koelling first noticed this phenomenon when they observed how rats that had been exposed to a nausea-causing radiation developed an aversion to flavored water after the radiation and the water were presented together.??? In this example, the radiation represents the unconditioned stimulus and the nausea represents the unconditioned response. After the pairing of the two, the flavored water is the conditioned stimulus, while the nausea that formed when exposed to the water alone is the conditioned response. Later research demonstrated that such classically conditioned aversions could be produced through a single pairing of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. Researchers also found that such aversions can even develop if the conditioned stimulus (the taste of the food) is presented several hours before the unconditioned stimulus (the nausea-causing stimulus).??? Why do such associations develop so quickly? Obviously, forming such associations can have survival benefits for the organism. If an animal eats something that makes it ill, it needs to avoid eating the same food in the future to avoid sickness or even death. This is a great example of what is known as biological preparedness. Some associations form more readily because they aid in survival.??? In one famous field study, researchers injected sheep carcasses with a poison that would make coyotes sick but not kill them. The goal was to help sheep ranchers reduce the number of sheep lost to coyote killings. Not only did the experiment work by lowering the number of sheep killed, it also caused some of the coyotes to develop such a strong aversion to sheep that they would actually run away at the scent or sight of a sheep. A Word From Verywell In reality, people do not respond exactly like Pavlovs dogs. There are, however, numerous real-world applications for classical conditioning. For example, many dog trainers use classical conditioning techniques to help people train their pets. These techniques are also useful for helping people cope with phobias or anxiety problems. Therapists might, for example, repeatedly pair something that provokes anxiety with relaxation techniques in order to create an association. Teachers are able to apply classical conditioning in the class by creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome anxiety or fear. Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as performing in front of a group, with pleasant surroundings helps the student learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious and tense in these situations, the child will learn to stay relaxed and calm.

Race And Racial Profiling And Gender Issues On The Basis...

Introduction Spanish was my first language growing up but when I began to speak English my Spanish accent transpired. I was placed in bilingual classes to assist me in pronouncing English words. Recalling on those memories had me wonder if they were my first experience feeling different. It wasn’t until I got to middle school and high school that I became aware of race separation because students grouped culturally and linguistically. I was not well informed of the purpose of the L.A. riots until I saw the police brutality video. It became evident after 9/11 and the Arizona SB 1070 act that race and racial profiling became a great issue. Throughout this paper my hope is to understand ideas surrounding race and gender issues on the basis†¦show more content†¦The intention was not to lower my self-esteem but to protect my image as a young girl and build my confidence. Gender roles were merely distinguished by knowing how to cook, laundry, appearance and speech. A couple of remarks made by my father and mother for example was, â€Å"you should know how to cook because how are you going to feed your children and husband?†, â€Å"be aware how you speak and look because men are going to think negatively about you†. Statements differentiated gender roles and how to behave based on gender. Previously on my Theory of Me paper I discussed how important respect is in my family and zero tolerance for disrespect. The only discussion I had growing up regarding age was respect towards adults and the elder. Sexual health or sexual orientation was the last thing my parents did not talk to me about. It may have been influenced from embarrassment and boundaries of what not to talk about. Social Media Influences Growing up I did recognize my peers being different from me in physical appearance and language. Music was an influence how I understood cultural diversity by listening to the lyrics, the depiction of music videos, outfits, artists, and choreography. Television portrayed African Americans and Latino characters as a criminal compared to Caucasian characters who were the hero. I did not understand why the African American or the Latino character continuously got shot in every movie until I saw the film â€Å"Mi

Admission Essay about Architecture Personal Statement

Architecture as a career has always been my enthrallment from the time I was a young boy as there is no monotony in it and would like to major in UC architecture. I do believe that my desire to be able to pursue this field stems from the fact that most of my teenage life I have spent it travelling the world and also that I once got directly involved in building. My parents like travelling so much and during those times they would take me along in their tours. During those times, I would take with me my sketch book for drawing all the fascinating views in the different places we would tour and give a personal touch to the sketches drawn by being creative and displaying them in the way I would want them to be. This passion grew to the point that I would urge my parents to arrange for another tour sooner since I was eager to see the new structures and compare them with my own sketches. Traveling the world has made me realize that our cultures are also incorporated in architecture and th is has given me a reason to want to pursue architecture since it will be able to give me an in depth analysis of my culture and that of others. I do believe that I stand a better chance of pursuing the course since I have several advantages. I have been able to go through a number of experiences which have given me a good platform of working as an architect in future after completing my course. I was once involved in re-building the Oakland houses which gave me insights on what is required in the profession. During my free time, I volunteered to give advice to the young teenagers on how to live there lives in order to accomplish their life goals which have been a tool of importance in my life. I will be dealing with so many people hence I acquired the courage to address a large number of people while presenting my designs. I also visited orphaned children and the old people in their nursing homes which was a motivation to me in creating homes where they would stay in when abandoned by their family members. In addition to all this, I have been involved in my high school and college organization programs that have really build my interest in architecture as a profession. My level of creativity has really expanded and I believe that am going to be an asset in your department. I am also competent in my potential to produce quality work since I have managed to enter a competition which required participants to redesign the dorm in 2005 in which my friend and I emerged the first. With this kind of exposure, I am confident that I will give the department the necessary work needed. Apart from all this, I have undergone a two year college experience which gave me knowledge concerning how I can use color, lighting and composition in architectural application. The experience has given me the tool of brainstorming which is powerful in architecture since it is going to give me new ideas to present. The knowledge and skills acquired so far will enable me deliver well in all project assignments. Moreover, I have had the privilege of going to Indonesia to work as a volunteer at Baran Bannan a UNESCO organization. The organization gave me a very good exposure especially since I was able to interact with professionals in the field of architecture who gave me a few tips on how to better my skills and be the best in what I do. The accomplishment I managed to work on during my time in the organization has made me proud of myself. I have been a person who wants to attain the desired goals in a specified time and thus this made me desire and appreciate architecture more. I have always admired the buildings that have been designed by most of the architects and being given the chance to use my skills in Baran Bannan was an honor since they entrusted me with work for the professionals. Candi Prambanan the cultural heritage has been uniquely designed using stacking of stones and thus its maintenance and preservation of the culture will help in understanding the whole work of the world. Architecture is a process that needs to be instilled in an individual in order to bring out all the feelings of the design. The earthquakes bound to hit the buildings should not affect the existence of the building since the architect will have looked into such predicaments and should put in place their recommendations. Stone working materials in the cultural heritage showed that the construction was for a long time ago and shows the Hindu style of constructing houses. The experience of this kind of volunteer work was rewarding since I was able to learn the culture of other tribes which is most basic for architects as it helps in bringing out the design. Architecture is a field that needs individuals to be creative in their working and produce original designs bearing in mind the upco ming designs in the market. Architects need to be well conversant with the new designs in the market and I know that through my traveling expeditions, I have been able to collect some vital information. Having all these experiences and knowledge, I know that am going to put them into good use and deliver much more I given the chance to display my ability. Sharing of acquired knowledge is something I encourage since it will enable me to learn from others. Reference: Senior, M. and Mannix, P. (2001). Writing an effective personal statement: a step-by-step guide. New York: Senior Plcs.

Coachella Free Essays

Coachella One of my favorite events is the Coachella Music Festival, a music fans ultimate adventure. My friend Isaac and I had planned our trip for months. The event was two days, split up because of the hundreds of bands playing. We will write a custom essay sample on Coachella or any similar topic only for you Order Now We bought our ticket months in advance for one day. The line-up for that day was amazing. The line up consisted of: Radio Head, Pixies, Kraftwerk, Rapture, Death Cab for Cutie, and many more. If you love alternative music, this is it. We also had planned to stay the night, so we pre-booked a room in hotel nearby. Our destination was Indio California, near Palm Springs. The drive from San Jose to Indio was about 427 miles. We headed out early morning, stopped a couple times to use the restroom and refuel. Driving on Highway 10, was mostly desert. The only interesting configurations worth gazing were the plain white wind mills. Hundreds lined up, across acres of desert land. Some of the giant windmills propelled with the slight dry wind. We finally had arrived and it felt like we stepped into a depleted tropical land. Luckily, the hotel we stayed in included a swimming pool! It was the day of the event, so we made sure to dress accordingly. We also made sure to bring plenty of water. The parking area was a chaotic scrabble of vehicles. The walk to the gates was a good 10 minutes. This was only the beginning; this event was spread out onto 90 acres. No wonder, GoldenVoice (Coachella Organizers) held event in this location; Empire Polo Club. The first idea that came to mind was to plan our day according to music events itinerary. A mass of 100,000 people would be diverged among the Polo Fields. Coachella’s map out of event accommodated all; with multiple stages, international food stands, alcohol and beverage stands, in door lounges to cool off, numerous tents with DJ’s, art installations, Coachella souvenir stands, porta potties in large quantities, ATMs, Security, and First Aide stands. The lines were a quarter mile long, or more for all stands. At this point, my friend Isaac and I decided we would cool off with a Heineken. Next we took our place in line to get a bite to eat. Of course everything is overpriced, since it is a music concert. How to cite Coachella, Essay examples

Theme - Animal Farm Essays - British Films, Cold War Films, Allegory

Theme - Animal Farm Theme Analysis The theme of Animal Farm is not difficult to understand. Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States. Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia. Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical.In his self-proclaimed fairy-story, Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolize the communist system. Though the original intention of overthrowing Mr. Jones (who represents the Czars), is not inherently evil in itself, Napoleons subsequent adoption of nearly all of Mr. Jones principles and harsh mistreatment of the animals proves to the reader that indeed communism is not equality, but just another form of inequality. The pigs and dogs take most of the power for themselves, thinking that they are the best administrat ors of government. Eventually the power corrupts them, and they turn on their fellow animals, eliminating competitors through propaganda and bloodshed. This is of course a reference to Stalin, who murdered many of his own people in order to maintain his dictatorship of Russia. Chapter 1 In Orwell's first chapter, the reader is introduced to all of his wonderful animals with two important exceptions: Snowball and Napoleon (two characters who will become the focus later). Obviously most of the chapter is intended to spark pity and a sense of sympathy for the poor, suffering farm animals, but the old Major's words are very telling. The wise old pig addresses the central conflict of the book, and of Orwell's intended meaning-- tyranny. The first (and seemingly only) dictatorship the animals must overcome is the rule of Mr. Jones and the other humans. Chapter 2 Orwell's second chapter is drenched with metaphors most of which will not come to light until later in the novel. The first is old Major's death. This represents the end to the older regime, the initial revolution. Now someone else will have to step into authority. Secondly Orwell strangely describes a pig named Squealer. The name sounds fairly pig-like but his actions don't. Supposedly Squealer has a special ability to persuade others. Orwell boasts, ...he could turn black into white. Obviously a pig like this could be used by the right people (animals). Orwell uses chapter 2 to really make Mr. Jones into a bad guy, although he admits that he was at one time a good master. Mr. Jones' main problem is that he drinks too much and neglects the farm. Even his men are idle and dishonest. Soon the animals are fed up with Jones (pardon the pun) after not being fed for over a day, so they organize and successfully carry out the long- awaited revolt. The animals rename Manor Farm Animal Farm yet agree not to live in the house. Yet some of the elite pigs have already adopted some of Man's ways; Snowball and Napoleon have suddenly taught themselves to read and write, and soon a list of 7 Commandments is written on the tarred wall. Unfortunately only a few of the animals can actually read the rules. This will come back to haunt them later. Orwell again closes with a eerie foreshadowing. After Snowball and Napoleon order the animals to work in the hay field, the milk which many of the lower animals asked to drink mysteriously disappears. Napoleon, however, dismisses the milk plea by proclaiming, The harvest is more important. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 is uneventful for the most part although it does have a few more important metaphors. For one thing, the pigs are starting to emerge as the elite class of animals although all animals are supposed to be equal. Orwell narrates, The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. Of course the rational is classic and easy to see through. Orwell continues, With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. Snowball and Napoleon start to fight and argue over everything. Both pigs enjoy the apples and milk only given to them. Of course this is just in the farm's best interest. Really pigs don't like the taste

Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay Example

Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay Example Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay A brief knowledge of Historical events Is useful when reading this book as Individual Wars and Battles are not covered in too much detail because of the vast number of conflicts since the Renaissance period, however a reader with no historical background can read this book and gain a lot of knowledge, It has an easily read neural textbook feel about it, and It Is divided chronologically into three sections: pre-industrial 1500 1800, Industrial 1800 1943 and Today Tomorrow 1943 21st Century, which allows the book to be easily used as reference material for people interested In a particular period. A particularly Interesting feature of this History book Is that Instead of finishing when the author wrote It, Kennedy continues and makes his predictions for the future, he accurately predicted the fall of the Soviet union as well as the relative decline in the American economy with regards to the sis of new Powers such as China and the cooperation of the European states, which helps convince the reader in the 21st century that Kennedy Is somebody who knows what he Is talking about and that his arguments and predictions should be considered! The main line of the authors argument is that the Great Powers strength can only be tested against that of other Great Powers, one is by necessity always stronger than another due to factors such as the constantly differing growth rates, population and resources that each Power has. Kennedy time and again links the Roth or decline of an economy with the respective Powers military capability and eventual rise or fall. Whilst reading the book, backed with the wealth of examples and evidence Kennedy cites giving tables, charts and maps; it is easy to be convinced by Kennedys arguments. After all It makes sense that the bal-polar world of the Austrian and Spanish ended as they overextended themselves, creating the multi polar eighteenth century including Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia. Kennedy then states that the economical power created by the Countries that were prepared o industrialist created a new series of superpowers: The nineteenth century British Empire then the t wentieth century Soviet union and the united States, and as the growth of these states stagnates and others grow world power will become multi polar once more encompassing five more possible powers; LISA, Russia, China, India and the ELI. Personally I agree mostly with what Kennedy says but In my opinion there are several difficulties, firstly he argues that Europe rose to dominate the rest of the world as opposed to because of fragmented states, increasing competition and 1 OFF actors for the decline of the Spanish Empire caused through lack of cohesion When I read this part for the first time, I though that this seemed like a contradiction, but on further thought could Kennedy mean however that these factors are beneficial to the rise of a power, however once they have reached a Great Power status begin to become a burden and can act as a factor in the Powers decline? I also think that an important factor which appears to be understated in the book are the leaders of Powers, I dont want to appear biased towards elite history as opposed to economic story, but using the Spanish Empire example from earlier, Spain did had ineffectual monarchs certainly from the mid seventeenth century, and was the time at which the Empire started to decline, cumulating in the Spanish war of Succession which in effect made Spain a second rate power. If Spain had more capable leaders they would have been in a better position to remain a major world player. In conclusion I would recommend The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, it is easily read, there are maps and charts which help the reader visualize the political boundaries of the time. The main arguments are well backed up, and it is interesting as the focus is constantly changing from state to state. It is a good book for students but anybody with an interest could read and understand it. The Book I am about to review The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers is one of fourteen books written by Paul Kennedy, the author is considered an expert in the fields of Grand Strategy and International Relations, he previously studied under the famous historian GAP Taylor and this is Kennedys best known book to date; it being translated into twenty three languages, reaching no. N the Bestselling Hardcover Books when it was released in 1988 and also winning Kennedy the Williston History Prize for his work. The Book is rather long; owing to the fact it covers five hundred years of World History of the Great Powers, yet focuses largely towards European Powers, as that is where the majority of power lay until the early twentieth century. A brief knowledge of Historical events is useful when reading this book as individual Wars and Battles are not covered in too much detail because of the vast number of conflicts since the Renaissance period, however reader with no historical background can read this book and gain a lot of knowledge, it has an easily read general textbook feel about it, and it is divided chronologically into three sections: Pre-industrial 1500 1800, Industrial 1800 1943 and Today Tomorrow 1943 21st Century, which allows the book to be easily used as reference material for people interested in a particular period. A particularly interesting feature of this History book is that instead of finishing when the author wrote it, Kennedy continues and makes his predictions for the future, he accurately redirected the fall of the Soviet Union as well as the relative decline in the American economy with regards to the rise of new Powers such as China and the cooperation of the European states, which helps convince the reader in the 21st century that Kennedy is somebody who knows what he is talking about and that his arguments and predictions should be considered! The main line of the authors argument is that the Great Powers strength can only be tested against that of other Great Powers, one is by necessity always stronger than another due to factors such as the constantly offering growth rates, population and resources that each Power has. Kennedy time and again links the growth or decline of an economy with the respective Powers wealth of examples and evidence Kennedy cites giving tables, charts and maps; it is easy to be convinced by Kennedys arguments, after all it makes sense that the bi- polar world of the Austrian and Spanish ended as they overextended themselves, creating the multi polar eighteenth century including Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia. Kennedy then states that the economical power created by the Countries hat were prepared to industrialist created a new series of superpowers: The nineteenth century British Empire then the twentieth century Soviet Union and the United States, and as the growth of these states stagnates and others grow world power will become multi polar once more encompassing five more possible powers; USA, Russia, China, India and the ELI. Personally I agree mostly with what Kennedy says but in my opinion there are several difficulties, firstly he argues that Europe rose to dominate the rest of the world as opposed to because of fragmented states, increasing competition and the freedom for merchants to do as they wish, yet he later cites the same reasons as factors for the decline of the Spanish Empire caused through lack of cohesion When I read this part for the first time, I though that this seemed like a contradiction, but on further thought could Kennedy mean however that these factors are beneficial to the rise of a power, however once they have reached a Great Power status begin to become a burden and can act as a factor in the Powers decline? I also think that an important factor which appears to be understated in the book are the leaders of Powers, I dont want to appear biased towards elite history as opposed to economic history, but using the Spanish Empire example from earlier, Spain did had ineffectual monarchs certainly from the mid seventeenth century, and was the time at which the Empire started to decline, cumulating in the Spanish war of Succession which in effect made Spain a second rate power. If Spain had more capable leaders they would have been in a better position to remain a major world player. In conclusion I would recommend The Rise ND Fall of the Great Powers, it is easily read, there are maps and charts which help the reader visualize the political boundaries of the time. The main arguments are well backed up, and it is interesting as the focus is constantly changing from state to state. It is a good book for students but anybody with an interest could read and understand it. The Book I am about to review The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers is one of fourteen books written by Paul Kennedy, the author is considered an expert in the fields of Grand Strategy and International Relations, he previously studied ender the famous historian GAP Taylor and this is Kennedys best known book to date; it being translated into twenty three languages, reaching no. 6 in the Bestselling Hardcover Books when it was released in 1988 and also winning Kennedy the Williston History Prize for his work. The Book is rather long; owing to the fact it covers five hundred years of World History of the Great Powers, yet focuses largely towards European Powers, as that is where the majority of power lay until the early twentieth century. A brief knowledge of Historical events is useful when reading this book as individual Wars and Battles are not covered in too much detail because of the vast number of conflicts since the Renaissance period, however a reader with no historical background can read this book and gain a lot of knowledge, it has an easily read general textbook feel about it, and it is divided chronologically into three sections: interested in a particular period. A particularly interesting feature of this History book is that instead of finishing when the author wrote it, Kennedy continues and Union as well as the relative decline in the American economy with regards to the alps convince the reader in the 21st century that Kennedy is somebody who knows what he is talking about and that his arguments and predictions should be Kennedys arguments, after all it makes sense that the bi-polar world of the Austrian Empire then the twentieth century Soviet Union and the United States, and as the polar once more encompassing five more possible powers; USA, Russia, China, India and the ELI. Personally I agree mostly with what Kennedy says but in my opinion the freedom for merchants to do as they wish, yet he later cites the same reasons as with an interest could read and understand it.

Chinas Hukou System

Chinas Hukou System Chinas Hukou system is a family registration program that serves as a domestic passport, regulating population distribution and rural-to-urban migration. It is a tool for social and geographic control that enforces an apartheid structure that denies farmers the same rights and benefits enjoyed by urban residents.    History of the Hukou System The modern Hukou system was formalized as a permanent program in 1958.   The system was created to ensure social, political, and economic stability.   Chinas economy was largely agrarian during the early days of the Peoples Republic of China.  In order to speed up industrialization, the government prioritized heavy industry by following the Soviet model.   In order to finance this expansion, the state underpriced agricultural products, and overpriced industrial products to induce an unequal exchange between the two sectors, essentially paying peasants less than market price for their agricultural goods.   In order to sustain this artificial imbalance, the government had to create a system which restricts the free flow of resources, especially labor, between industry and agriculture, and between city and countryside.    Individuals became categorized by the state as either rural or urban, and they were required to stay and work within their designated geographic areas.   Traveling was permitted under controlled conditions, but residents assigned to a certain area will not be given access to jobs, public services, education, healthcare, and food in another area.   A rural farmer who chooses to move to the city without a government-issued Hukou would essentially share the same status an illegal immigrant in the United States.   Obtaining an official rural-to-urban Hukou change is extremely difficult.   The Chinese government has tight quotas on conversions per year.    Effects of the Hukou System The Hukou system has historically always benefited the urbanites.   During the Great Famine of the mid-twentieth century, individuals with rural Hukous were collectivized into communal farms, where much of their agricultural output were taken in the form of a tax by the state and given to city dwellers.   This led to massive starvation in the countryside, and the Great Leap Forward would not be abolished until the effects were felt in the cities. After the Great Famine, rural residents continued to be marginalized, while urban citizens enjoyed a range of socio-economic benefits.   Even today, a farmers income is one-sixth that of the average urban dweller.   Farmers have to pay three times more in taxes, but receive a lower standard of education, healthcare, and life.   The Hukou system impedes upward mobility, creating essentially a caste system that governs Chinese society.    Since the capitalistic reforms of the late 1970s, an estimated 260 million rural dwellers have illegally moved to the cities, in an attempt to partake in the remarkable economic development taking place there.   These migrants brave discrimination and possible arrest while living on the urban fringe in shantytowns, railway stations, and street corners.   They are often blamed for rising crime and unemployment.    Reform With Chinas rapid industrialization, the Hukou system needed to be reformed in order to adapt to the countrys new economic reality.   In 1984, the State Council conditionally opened the door of market towns to peasants.   Country residents were allowed to get a new type of permit called, â€Å"self-supplied food grain† Hukou, provided that they satisfied a number of requirements.   The primary requirements are that a migrant must be employed in enterprise, have their own accommodations in the new location, and be able to self-provide their own food grain.   Holders are still not eligible for many state services and they cannot move to other urban areas ranked higher than that particular town.    In 1992, the PRC launched another form of permit called the blue-stamp Hukou.   Unlike the self-supplied food grain Hukou, which is limited to certain business peasants, the blue stamp Hukou is open to a wider population and allowed migration into bigger cities.   Some of these cities included the Special Economic Zones (SEZ), which were havens for foreign investments.   Eligibility was primarily limited to those with familial relations with domestic and overseas investors.   Ã‚  The Hukou system experienced another form of liberation in 2001​ after China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO).   Although WTO membership exposed Chinas agricultural sector to foreign competition, leading to job losses, it galvanized the labor-intensive sectors, particularly in textile and clothing, leading to an urban labor demand.   The intensity of patrols and documentation inspections were relaxed.    In 2003, changes were also made to how illegal migrants are to be detained and processed.   This was the result of a media and internet-frenzied case in which a college educated urbanite named, Sun Zhigang, was beaten to death after he was taken into custody for working in the megacity of Guangzhou without the proper Hukou ID. Despite the reforms, the current Hukou system still remains fundamentally intact because of the continuing disparities between the states agricultural and industrial sectors.   Although the system is highly controversial and vilified, a complete abandonment of the Hukou is not practical, due to the complexity and interconnectedness of the modern Chinese economic society.   Its removal could lead to a migration so massive that it could cripple city infrastructures and destroy the rural economy.   For now, minor changes will continue to be made to the Hukou, as it coincides with Chinas shifting political climate.

Independence War 1775 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Independence War 1775 - Research Paper Example However, the parliament made it clear through the enactment of the Declaratory Act of 1766, that it had the authority to tax the colonies (Bobrick 15). This paper is a critical evaluation of the economic factors, which pushed the colonies to rebel against Great Britain and demand for independence. Economic Factors that Led to the American War of Independence (1775-1783) The War of Independence, or the American Revolutionary War, is a war, which was fought between Great Britain and 13 American colonies between the years 1775 and 1783 (Greene 201). However, it may be important to note that France and Spain were also actively involved in the war as they provided military assistance to the Americans. When the British entered America long before the revolution, they settled in colonies, after which leaders were selected in every one of them as representatives of the British government in England. They were to ensure that the colonies provided sufficient raw materials to the industries abr oad as well as market for the manufactured products. They were also supposed to ensure that the colonies remained loyal to the crown by collecting taxes on behalf of the British government (Alden 20). ... More so because the colonies did not have sufficient machinery and personnel to defend themselves from France and therefore, they needed the protection of their mother country, which was well equipped militarily. Secondly, the Anglo-French war was a highly costly affair and it hurt the British economy deeply (Bailyn 27). It is estimated that in North America, the British government spent approximately 4% of its total spending to protect the colonies from French invasion (Bailyn, 36). The colonials from North America also failed to fulfill their obligations during the war in terms of financial contribution and provision of personnel to engage in the war to defend their territories. Due to this, the British Government decided to come up with a strategy to cover the heavy losses and one way to do this was to increase revenues from the colonies. In 1763, the British government decided to halt the expansion of the colonies by creating borders, with an intention of preserving land belongin g to the Indians (Alden 41). This move was meant to gain favor from the Indians so that they could become consumers of British manufactured goods thereby providing market, which was essential in promoting the economy. In order to achieve this objective, British soldiers were posted on the western lands and were charged with the mandate of expelling all the Americans who had settled there as well as prevent new settlement by the American colonials. Ironically, the soldiers were to be paid using taxes collected from the Americans (Bobrick 22). The colonials did not take this lightly as they perceived it as a move to limit their economic interests and this created discontent and hatred towards Britain as it led to the

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Global warming - Essay Example The Earth is heating up and it will affect the crops. The rising of the sea level, the melting of icecaps and the global climatic changes are all the impacts of global warming. Global warming has influenced the business strategies as people try to reduce the greenhouse effect through efficient operations or energy conservations techniques. Regulations are imposed every other day to reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide and other gases emitted into the atmosphere. Nevertheless, it is argued that global warming presents new oppurtunities to businesses; it encourages innovation and creativity with the help of advanced technology. Global warming is believed to be destructive and expensive (Richman, 2007) but smart companies know which way the wind is blowing and how fast the ice is melting (Gunther, 2006). They find new ways to innovate, save energy, cut costs and reduce emissions. Insurers manage $26 trillion of assets of companies and are trying to influence the government to change po licies so that radical action can be taken to cut greenhouse gas emissions (Webber, 2002). Businesses have to evaluate the risks and analyze the oppurtunities that climate change has posed (Hagen, 2007). Stronger storms, prolonged droughts in some areas and heavy flooding or precipitation in other areas can adversely affect the immovable properties of businesses. The value of properties in coastal areas could decrease and they may be required to construct sturdier buildings that are more solid and resistant.

Nike Nature Of The Business Marketing Essay

Nike Nature Of The Business Marketing Essay Nike Incorporation is the worlds leading sporting goods manufacturer. The company produces the sports goods all-encompassing: clothing, footwear, sports equipment and so on. The company headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. Nike with its impressive performance impresses its founder; Bill Bowerman once said the sentence: As long as you have a body, you are world athletes, and Nike will continue to develop grow. Before the company became Nike, the original name of the company is Blue Ribbon Sports on January 25, 1964. The company then officially became Nike Inc. on May 30, 1978. Nike has been provided the best products to every athlete around the world. The language of movement is the Nike language. The company committed always to create every chance to show themselves after three years. Nike knows: The best products are only produced by the use of advanced technology. So, by the way, Nike put a lot of manpower and material resources for the research and development of new products.   Years ago, a lot of high potential athletes and sports teams around the world have been sponsored by Nike. The Swoosh logo and trademarks of Just Do It are highly recognized. Nike Nature of the Business NIKE, Inc. is a worldwide marketing which engaged in development and design for footwear, equipment and accessory products. It is approximately 18,000 retail accounts by sells its products in the United States. Nearly 200 countries are through a combination of independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries. Although a few of the products are worn for leisure purposes, NIKEs athletic footwear products are still in specific designed for athletic use. All equipments for men, women and children have been designed and created by the company. Either is indoor or outdoor activities, NIKE have a good market shoes or clothes such as tennis, golf, football, volleyball, wrestling, aquatic activities, hiking and others. Active sports apparel like most of these categories are sold by NIKE, for athletically lifestyle inspired apparel. Objective of the Nike Nikes main objective is to build up all athletes of every different of level of ability to their potential with advance the products. Indeed, it is to create job chances for provide value in its shareholders apart from the competition. Besides that, their aim also is to maintain the costs down which driven by the intense competition. By the way, a lot of other companies also operate these low-wage countries within the athletics industry according on cost reason. Because of difficulty due to less developed countries, their ability is easily moved to become economically dependent on the corporations. Strategies of Nike There are four main categories of strategies of Nike to continue develop growth in this along the years. They are financial perspective, customer perspective, internal perspective, and learning growth perspective. Financial Perspective Growth strategy Focus on Emerging Markets (i.e. BRIC) Products in new niche activities New customer segments Productivity strategy Increase Asset Utilization : increase employee by 5% Reduce Operational Cost Customer Perspective Maintain Product Leadership Provide high quality innovative products Improve Customer Relationship and Service Launch 250-300 Nike retail outlets in next three years Improve image Nike Community for welfare manufacturing workers Align incentives of workers Internal Perspective Follow Cost Out strategy Reduce marketing spent 11% of revenue only, focus on local sport heroes Integrate New Segments Markets and their attributes with current processes like customer Improve Innovation Cycle With smarter and more intelligent customer feedback mechanisms through e-channels Implement CSR Expand its alliance with other non-profit organizations to work together Learning Growth Perspective Retain and Train key employees Ensure attrition rate is between 2-3% Improve IT Assets Enhance CRM, e-channel, social media platform Invests 2-2.5% Rev in IT Systems Create a customer centric culture Executive team to provide a strong and visionary leadership Targeting Market Nikes targeting market is for those who like the higher quality sporting goods, especially footwear. Therefore, Nike focuses on creating premium consumer experiences on product innovation, brand leadership and elevated retail presence. Nike also target market for their shoes, clothes, and other accessories are males and females, especially among 18 and 35 years old. Nike Company has expanded and dominated in the international market. Size of Nike The size or range of the Nike Company is increases throughout the years. The total number of employees of Nike Company is about 38000 people around the world. In 2009, the  company  had a net income of around $1.49 billion. They have offices in 45 different countries. Besides that, the number of Nike stores globally is 700 around the world. Types of products sold Nike Company has a wide range of sports equipment. The first products that Nike produce is track running shoes. Besides that, Nike also offers a range of shoes for sports like, tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, cheerleading, hiking and others. They manufacture  casual clothes, running clothes, yoga clothes, tennis clothes (dresses and skirts),  thongs, socks, caps, aquatic gear, duffel bags, sunglasses, skates, bats, gloves, womens sport bras, ice skates, roller blades, roller skates, protective gear, hockey sticks, hockey jerseys and many more small accessories. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zoom_elite_2.png/220px-Zoom_elite_2.png Nike Pro Core Compression Nike brand, athletic shoes Nike brand, Tennis(Girls shorts) Services Nike Company has a great service which known as NIKEiD. It is a service that allowing customers to customize the products purchased from Nike. It must be through the online purchased. Besides that, The NIKEiD studios give customers have a great personal experience to work with. For iPhone and iPod Touch was released from the NIKEiD App on the iTunes App Store on 14 October 2009 to allow users to search products. Nike PhotoiD service is by taking picture or image with their mobile and sends to Nike so that new software designed will analyze the image, and then based on it designing a shoe. After that, an image of their desired shoe will be received by the customer. Lastly, they can choose to save the image or purchase the new design. Strengths and weaknesses of Nike Strengths Weaknesses Brand recognition High product quality Effective marketing strategy Capacity of innovation Strong distribution chain Strong RD Strong customer relationship Overseas manufacturing dependency Decreasing United States market share High product price compared to Adidas Currency exposure Medium retail presence Competitors Adidas is the major competitor to Nike Company. Adidas is about to launch a new innovative campaign praising the Team Spirit in sports. Any company that produces athletic footwear or athletic apparel is a  competitor  to  Nike such as Puma, Reebok(now is owned by Adidas), Asics, Under Armour, and so on. However, according to graph below, Nike Company is the best sells compete with others. http://cstl.syr.edu/fipse/TabBar/BldCirc/circlgif/fig17.gif Financial Model of Nike Since year 1997, Nike Companys revenues had plateaued at around $9 billion. Net income had fallen from almost $800 million to 580 million. However, market share in US athletic shoes had fallen from 48%, in 1997, to 42% in year 2000. It adverse effect of a strong dollar had negatively affected revenue. The management is concerned about the top-line growth and operating performance. To boost revenue, the company would develop more athletic-shoe products in the mod-priced segment- a segment that Nike had overlooked on the recent years. The company has also planned to push its apparel line. The company has planned to exert more effort on the expense control. Long term revenue growth target is 8%-10%. Earnings growth target is 15%.

Organic Food: Is It Really Better? Essay

Americans usually do not think about what they eat. We do not acknowledge whether it is locally grown, sustainably raised, grass-fed, and free-range or pesticide free. Americans fail to realize the negative effects from the harmful pesticides, hormones, dyes and preservatives that are in our food. Conventional foods are produce that is grown with the use of many harsh chemicals before it is put into a supermarket. (The food we eat conventionally was meant to help us lead healthier lives, but it actually harms us.) Many people believe that there is little nutritional difference between organic and conventional food but it is not about the nutritional value. It is a matter of what the conventional foods contain. Even though organic food is hard to find and more expensive than conventional food, it is also much safer and healthier. If everyone transitions and commits to eating organically, we can override and overcome conventional farming and its negative effects. Nearly forty percent of the world’s agricultural land has degraded. The amount of arable land is decreasing nationally and worldwide because toxic pesticides and herbicides are polluting our air, soil and groundwater. Soil productivity has decreased because of wind and water erosion of the topsoil. This causes loss of organic matter in the soil, a decrease in water holding capacity and biological activity. Fossil fuels play a huge role in producing food as well. Industrial farming has farming machinery and petroleum-based chemicals that require huge amounts of fossil fuels, which deplete the soil of its nutrients. The ratio for fossil fuel energy needed for beef production is 35 to 1 as well as 3 to 1 for all other agricultural products. Modern agricultural methods cause aquifers to dry out, pollinators such as bees are dying and the climate is getting hotter and drier (Schiffman, In Defense of Organic Farming). According to the EPA, the water runoff from conventional farms exceeds the legal limit for nitrate concentrations in drinking water compared with organic farms that do not use chemical pesticides. The excess nitrate exposure can cause respiratory conditions, thyroid disorders and cancer (Greenfield, The Organic Advantage). Princeton University states that only one percent of the pesticides actually targets the pests and that in fact, 99 percent affect the environment and contaminate our fresh groundwater that is used for drinking. The harmful chemicals in pesticides that enter our water system take many years for it to be eliminated from our drinking water. Organic farming practices use less energy and are designed to benefit the environment by reducing pollution and conserving water and soil quality and use methods to grow food that support sustainability. Pesticides and fertilizers are more harmful than helpful for the crops. The pesticides that conventional farms use also contribute to the resistance that insects and pests develop. They are constantly developing new tactics to invade the produce, which then leads to the conventional farmers’ use of stronger chemicals. Animal manure, compost and green manure are used as natural fertilizers. It nourishes the soil allowing crops to survive during drought periods. It also helps preserve our planet and farmland especially for the future generations to come. Farming organically generously promotes biodiversity. Biodiversity in organic food means that there is a greater quantity and variety. Generally, the more biodiversity there is on a farm encourages stability (Organic Agriculture). Research at the Rodale Institute has shown that organic methods can remove up to 7,000 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air yearly. As follows, Rodale estimates that if all 434 million acres of U. S. cropland were converted to organic practices, it would be the same as removing 217 million cars, which is nearly 88 percent of all cars in the country and more than one-third of all the automobiles in the world (LaSalle and Hepperly, Regenerative Organic Farming). Removing this great amount of carbon dioxide from our oxygen will increasingly benefit our environment. There are many significant differences between organic and conventional food products. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, fruits and vegetables are labeled organic if it has no pesticides, genetic modifications, growth hormones, artificial fertilizers or irradiation. Most conventional food products include a variety of these methods. Conventional food products are the exact opposite. All types of organic foods only represent three percent of the total American market and imply that we should support the production of organic foods (Kluger, What’s So Great About Organic Food). The prices of organic food products seem to be the main issue of why people prefer not to buy it. Organic fruits and vegetables cost from 13 to 34 cents more than ordinary conventional produce (Kluger, What’s So Great About Organic Food). Milk labeled hormone-free costs as well as antibiotic free is six dollars a gallon, whereas grocery store milk is 3. 50 dollars a gallon. The main reasons that organic foods are costly are because it requires abstaining from the use of chemicals; the demand overrides the supply, the producing methods and the necessity to obtain organic certification (Organic Agriculture). No chemicals means more labor. Without chemicals and the use of synthetic pesticides farmers have to hire more laborers to complete jobs such as hand weeding, cleaning polluted water and recovering from pesticide contaminations from former land owners. The USDA claims that Americans prefer organic over nonorganic, but there is only little farmland to fulfill these requests. Organic farmers use crop rotation as an alternative to chemical weed killers to keep the soil healthy and the prevention of weed growth. This method does not allow crops to be produced in larger quantities. Acquiring Organic certification can be very expensive. Organic farms are required to pay a mandatory inspection fee annually to be organically certified. Inspection costs usually range from 400 dollars to 2000 dollars every year (Organic Agriculture). The indicated costs would be easy to pay for if more people supported organic farming. One of the many reasons for our health issues is because of the way in which meat producers treat our animals. Organically farmed animals are raised without harmful chemicals, growth hormones or antibiotics. Cows, chicken and pigs are retaining most of the pesticides that they ingest. These animals eat produce that contains pesticides causing it to be stored in their tissues and fat. When we eat these animals, the pesticides are being transferred into our bodies. Inorganic meat, fish, dairy and eggs are the main source of environmental pollution. It contributes to almost 95 percent of toxic residues into our everyday diet. Battery caged hens live in small cages that only allow minimum movement. Few birds survive this because it compromises its immune systems, which also increases the uses of antibiotics and vaccines. Organic Farmers protect and provide homes for wildlife. Animals on organic farms are raised and treated in a much more humane environment than inorganic farmers. Most of these conventional animals are caged, grain-fed and are treated with cruelty. Grass-fed and free-range animals have less fat than grain-fed animals and have high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids as well as omega-6, which is believed to reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease and arthritis and increases cognitive function (Kluger, What’s So Great About Organic Food). These vitamins are essential in our daily American diet. Our diet is considered to be â€Å"killing† the planet and us Americans. In 2010, The Center for Disease Control and Prevention released that nearly 27 percent of Americans are considered obese and the obesity rate tops 30 percent in nine states. Every American eats 220 pounds of meat a year and only 14 percent consume the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Most processed foods are saturated with salt and high fructose corn syrup, which are the two flavors that we know and love (Kluger, What’s So Great About Organic Food). The population should be very concern with the long-term health effects that conventional produce has on us. There are 450 percent more chemicals in conventional produce than organic produce. Many studies have shown that pesticides link to health issues including cancer, birth defects and nervous system damage which depend on factors such as pesticide toxicity, the level of exposure and the person’s age and genetic susceptibility (Kramer). A study from Dr. Langrin, a food observer, shows that people who ate conventional food, then switched to organic food showed an 85 to 90 percent decrease in pesticide levels in their bodies. When they began eating conventional food again, their pesticide levels increased greatly (Zerbe, Organic Foods). This study showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of pesticides in inorganic food than organic food. Children and infants benefit tremendously from organic food. It aids in their development and their overall health. By the time most children reach the age of two, they obtain the lethal limit for toxins in their bodies. Feeding children organic food will decrease this amount and they will only have one-sixth of the amount of carcinogens in their blood causing the risk of illnesses to decrease significantly. Children and fetuses with high levels of pesticide intake are more vulnerable to this chemical than adults because of their less-developed immune systems and their bodies and brains are still in the process of development (Paul, Kemp, Segal, Organic Foods). They are not able to metabolize and break down the chemicals from the pesticides, therefore causing their body to absorb the chemical and making them less able to filter it out of their bodies. They are twice as likely to have developmental delays behavioral disorders such as ADHD and motor dysfunction. Also, Women who do not consume organic food while they are pregnant, give birth to children that will subsequently have low IQ scores (Greenfield, The Organic Advantage). Adults are not the only people who suffer, but unborn children and infants as well. Choosing the organic lifestyle will increase your lifespan, allow you to live healthier and will benefit the environment and our planet overall. Organic food can be purchased at some local supermarkets and many farmers’ markets or private organic stores. By supporting organic farming, we will eliminate chemicals caused from conventional farming out of our air, soil, water, food and our bodies. We can take precautionary measures to protect and preserve the future generations to come by doing so. As most Americans eat conventionally, changing to an organic lifestyle can give you a sense of comfort knowing that your food is strictly nutritious and cannot harm you. If we Americans start eating organically now, we can be sure that in the future there will only be a few conventional farms left on our planet. Works Cited Greenfield, Paige. â€Å"The Organic Advantage. â€Å"(2013). Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Kluger, Jeffrey. â€Å"What’s So Great About Organic Food?. † (2010). Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Kramer, Leslie. â€Å"Worth Going Organic. † Positive Thinking (2008) Web. 14 Nov. 2013. LaSalle, Tim J., and Paul Hepperly. â€Å"Regenerative Organic Farming: A Solution to Global Warming. † 2008. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Organic Foods: Are They Safer? More Nutritious? † Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 07 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Organic Agriculture: What Are the Environmental Benefits of Organic Agriculture? N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Nov. 2013. Paul, Maya W. , Gina Kemp, and Robert Segal. â€Å"Organic Foods. † Understanding Organic Food Labels, Benefits, and Claims. May 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. Schiffman, Richard. â€Å"In Defense Of Organic Farming. † Web. 14 Nov. 2013.

Lesson Pl The Teacher s Equivalent Of A Blueprint Essay

INTRODUCTION Lesson plans are the teacher’s equivalent of a blueprint. They are very broad in nature. Lesson plans are deemed to target specific skills, but also including the methodology for how those skills are introduced and taught. In lesson planning, how you teach the skills is as important to plan as the skills themselves. Important to note as well is the age, the stage of development of the student that the lesson caters to, the grade level and the duration of the lesson Meador Derrick (2016). Therefore in evaluating the lesson and lesson plan a brief description of the type of learner and the title is highlighted in this section. The age group of the students fell between 14-15 years and they were in grade 9 with a total of forty-four students. The topic of the lesson was entitled â€Å"Study Skills† and the duration of the lesson was 20 minutes instead of the usual 40 minutes because of a change of schedule that day. Description of the Community where School is Located Besides the benefits that can be derived from parent’s involvement at school, the community in which the school is located does play a role in the outcome of the students as well. The school that was chosen is a Primary and Junior High that is located in an inner-city community in St. Andrew. Most homes within the community are surrounded by zinc fences and substandard housing. A police station is located within the vicinity as well. There is, however, a number of prominent business places and aShow MoreRelatedTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 PagesFeatured discussion In your experience, what is the TOP #1 cause for Project failure? From experience, the following are the TOP10 causes of Project failure that Mathew can think of (they are not in any kind of order): #1. Lacking Sponsor s Involvement/Ownership #2. Halo Effect (Wrong Man for the Job) #3. Poor HR Management #4. Poor/Inadequate Project Communications #5. Ignoring Project Stakeholders #6. Absence of Risk Management #7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations ( scope creep:Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesglobal management accounting community. Alnoor Bhimani London School of Economics December 2005 CONTENTS ‘ FOREWORD Anthony Hopwood PREFACE Alnoor Bhimani CONTRIBUTORS 1. New measures in performance management Thomas Ahrens and Christopher S Chapman 2. Contract theory analysis of managerial accounting issues Stanley Baiman 3. Reframing management accounting practice: a diversity of perspectives Jane Baxter and Wai Fong Chua 4. Management accounting and digitization Alnoor Bhimani 5. The

Richard Nixon 1972 McGovern Defense - 787 Words

Richard Nixon as a presidential candidate in 1971 was expected. He was vice president for Eisenhower for two terms beginning in 1953 and then attempted to run for president himself losing to John F. Kennedy. In 1968 He decided to try again and succeeded. After his term ended in 1972 he had the chance to run for presidency again. We all know how this term ended with resignation and a lifetime of trying to regain his tarnished public reputation, however the start of his final term was the strongest transition a President could have. Nixon had been already dealing with the foreign relations and Vietnam when the presidential election came around. The country was in a heat of tension over mixed opinions on the war in Vietnam, rising inflation and unemployment. Just a year before, the country was in a roar over the seemingly empty promises from Nixon to end the war and would have booted him out without a thought. However his opponent, George McGovern, took the anti-war political stance an d hoped to gain popularity by wanting to withdraw troops from Vietnam and cut military spending. In a time of war this may have seemed semi-appealing towards the American public but it wasn’t a strong enough stance to portray him as a strong leader. Nixon, having been President for the last four years, knew that the country needed a strong leader and emphasized his stance in every campaign commercial. In the race for the presidency, Nixon’s campaign commercials were used effectively toShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election of 19723173 Words   |  13 PagesThe Presidential Election of 1972 The Presidential election of 1972 had two strong candidates, President Richard Nixon and George McGovern. There were many issues which had a great deal of importance to the election. The Vietnam war and the stability of the economy at the time were two main factors. The election ended in one the largest political scandals in U.S. history, being the Watergate break-in, and cover-up, by President Richard Nixon. The Democratic party had a large selection of candidatesRead More The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay3045 Words   |  13 PagesThe Presidential Election of 1972 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Presidential election of 1972 had two strong candidates, President Richard Nixon and George McGovern. There were many issues which had a great deal of importance to the election. The Vietnam war and the stability of the economy at the time were two main factors. The election ended in one the largest political scandals in U.S. history, being the Watergate break-in, and cover-up, by President Richard Nixon. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MorePresident Nixons International and Domestic Challenges Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesName Teacher AP US History September 20, 2012 President Richard M. Nixon’s administration had to face many international and domestic challenges in the United States between 1968 and 1974, some positive and some negative. His achievements in expanding peaceful relationships with both China and the Soviet Union are contrastingly different with his continuation of the Vietnam War. In the end, Nixon’s scandals and abuse of presidential power caught up to him, and his administration did much toRead More The Watergate Scandal and the Resignation of President Richard Nixon1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Watergate Scandal and the Resignation of President Richard Nixon The Watergate Scandal and crisis that rocked the United States began on the early morning of June 17, 1972 with a small-scale burglary and it ended August 9, 1974 with the resignation of Republican President Richard Milhous Nixon. At approximately 2:30 in the morning of June 17, 1972, five burglars were discovered inside the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate office building in Washington DC. The burglars,Read MoreThe Legacy of the Vietnam War2297 Words   |  10 PagesAmerica would put a stop to the continuing communistic presence from taking over in Indonesia. In this paper we will review the following:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nixon’s foreign policy team (Kissinger) and the team’s actions  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nixon Strategy  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dà ©tente  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Election of 1972  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antiwar demonstrations and marches on the White House  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Silent Majority  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cambodia â€Å"invasion†  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kent State  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vietnamization and Laotian incursion  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The My Lai Massacre  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Read MoreThe Watergate Scandal Of Lyndon M. Nixon2319 Words   |  10 PagesNovember 5, 1968 Richard M. Nixon was elected the 37th president of the United States. While in office Nixon dealt with an unstable economy and oversaw reforms in welfare, civil rights and more. In foreign affairs Nixon helped end the Vietnam War, reestablish contact with china and improve relations with the Soviet Union. In 1972 Nixon was reelected in a landslide victory. However, His undoing was already in the works. A few months prior to Nixon’s reelection a group of men linked to the Nixon administrationRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal Of Nixon2280 Words   |  10 PagesNovember 5, 1968 Richard M. Nixon was elected the 37th president of the United States. In 1972 Nixon was reelected in a landslide victory. However, His undoing was already in the works. A few months prior to Nixon’s reelection a group of men linked to the Nixon administration were arrested in the D emocratic party headquarters in Washington’s Watergate complex and what followed was one of the biggest scandals in presidential history. The Watergate scandal was revealed as a cover-up by the Nixon administrationRead More Richard Nixon Essay2727 Words   |  11 PagesRichard Nixon The President of the United States is often considered the most powerful elected official in the world. The President leads a nation of great wealth and military strength. Presidents have often provided decisive leadership in times of crisis, and they have shaped many important events in history. The President has many roles and performs many duties. As chief executive, the President makes sure that federal laws are enforced. As commander in chief of the nations armed forcesRead MoreEssay about Richard Nixon2082 Words   |  9 Pages Richard Nixons presidency is one of the most examined, analyzed and discussed, yet least understood, of all the American administrations in history. While many factors still remain to be discovered, and many mysteries are left to be resolved, we need to do the best that we can to make sense of this secretive president of our past and his era. He is the one American figure about whom very few people dont have strong feelings for. Nixon is loved and hated, honored and mocked . The term WatergateRead More President Nixon and the Vietnam War Essay2535 Words   |  11 PagesThe politics of the ultratight resonated deeply with Richard Nixon. Nixon had cut his political teeth as a young Red-hunting member of the House Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s. His home district in Orange Country, California, was widely known as a Birch Society stronghold. The Los Angeles-area Birch Society claimed the membership of several political and economic elites, including members of the Chandler family, which owned and published the Los Angeles Times. According to the writer